Inconsistent results in prior work that link environmental strategy to com- petitive advantage may be due to the empirical difficulties of marrying the theoretical connection between a firm’s resource base and its environmental strategy. The authors contribute to the field by developing a measure that is congruent with the natural resource–based view, a dominant paradigm in this line of work. This article content analyses company reports and second- ary data to develop a measure of environmental strategy grounded in the natural resource–based view. They identify six environmental capabilities that form components of a reliable, multidimensional construct of proactive environmental strategy. They also identify a measure of reactive compliance strategy. They verify reliability of their new measure through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, establish convergent and discriminant validity via a multitrait, multimethod matrix and demonstrate superior predictive validity of their measure compared to two others commonly used in the literature. In the conclusion, they discuss implications for research and practice.

Judith Walls, P.H. Phan, P. Berrone

2011